Should Parents Be Held Accountable for Their Childrens...

Parents play the crucial role in upbringing their children to become exemplary citizens. Despite this enormous responsibility parent have they face challenges when they find their children adopting wayward course in life. There is a rise in the number of juvenile crimes. One wonders why there is an accelerated increase in the crimes while, on the other hand, a different perspective emerges (Sowell 100-101). What is the responsibility of parents in the development of their children to be model citizens? Should they be responsible for the crimes committed by their children? These are probably the common questions arising juvenile criminal quarters. At each incident where the child has committed criminal activity there will be questions on the role of the parents in preventing the same. There are parental responsibility laws within each state that are variable (Sowell 100-101). Despite lack of empirical studies supporting responsibility of the parents for the crimes committed by their c hildren, parents hold great responsibility in their children’s behavior. This paper provides a detailed explanation of whether parents are accountable for the crimes committed by their children by paying up for the vandalism. Background Information The community is in shock with the recent rise of juvenile crimes especially vandalism. The shock within a specified timeframe normally transforms into the search of the prime reason/cause for the crime. News is awash with reports serious crimes ofShow MoreRelatedParents Are Responsible for Their Childrens Crimes Essay1447 Words   |  6 Pageshave found and intend to use for your essay. Coconi A. (n.d.). Should parents Be Held Responsible for a Teenager’s Actions. GlobalPost. Retrieved http://everydaylife.globalpost.com/should-parents-held-responsible-teenagers-actions-1886.html PanahI, R. (2013). When kids play up, parents should pay up. Herald Sun. Retrieved from http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/opinion/when-kids-play-up-parents-should-pay-up/story-fni0fhh1-1226739200450.html 4. Evaluate bothRead MoreParents Responsibility1022 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Parents should be held solely responsible for their children’s actions.† Do you agree? A WebQuest for Secondary 3 NA / 3 Exp / 4 NA Designed by Teachers teaching Secondary 3 NA / 3 Exp |Ms Deepa Madan |Mr Sharom Mak |Mr Victor Ong | |Miss Cheryl Tan |Mrs Grace Wong |Ms Lee Chai Noi | | Read MoreParental Responsibility Laws : A Burden On Society1236 Words   |  5 Pagesexpected. A parent is responsible for their children’s life and wellbeing, as well as their own. Eventually there comes a time in every parent’s life when their little baby is no longer little, or a baby for that matter. That child will grow, learn, influence, and be influenced by many people on their journey from child to adult. Some of the decisions they make may actually break local, state, or in serious cases federal law. Since the 1800’s there has been a push to establish Parent ResponsibilityRead MoreParents Should Be Held Responsible For Their Childrens Actions1075 Words   |  5 PagesAs a parent, I have spent a great deal of time observing the behavior, motivation, and thought processes of my children. As they mature these processes have changed, and it has been fascinating to watch. I have learned a great deal on the limits of self control in the adolescent mind during this time, and I believe that families should be held responsible for crimes committed by their teenagers. I understand that there is a great deal of opposition to this position, and the opposing viewpoint makesRead MoreCharter Schools vs. Public Schools Essay1341 Words   |  6 PagesPublic Schools Are charter schools the right choice to the educational needs of our children? Charter schools are tuition free public schools created and operated by parents, organizations, and community groups to fill student’s educational needs. Charter schools consider educating their students as the priority, and identify how children’s learning needs are different from each other, so they came up with different ways on educating their students such as learning in small groups, or by participatingRead MoreResponsible for the Crimes of Their Children1840 Words   |  8 PagesResponsible for the Crimes of their Children How can someone who does not commit a crime get charged for the crime committed. This is starting to happen around the country with parents getting charged for the crimes of their children. Although parents are responsible for raising and teaching their children what is right or wrong, parents should not be held responsible for the crimes of their children because they did not commit the crime and if they are not present at the crime scene, how canRead MoreStatus Offenders, Dependent and Neglected Youths, and Juvenile Victimizations1872 Words   |  7 Pagesneed of help and supervision while delinquents are held accountable and punished for their actions. Nonetheless, non-delinquents undergo several similar processes and dispositions like delinquents because of the differing reasons for the intervention of the juvenile justice system. Delinquents vs. Non-delinquents: Whereas dependent youths are those whose parents dont have the ability to take care of them, the neglected ones are youths whose parents have declined to take care of though they have theRead MoreThe Problem Of A Single Parent Environment1265 Words   |  6 Pagesand relationships not working out. They are the ones who are suffering and paying for the adults bad and irresponsible decisions. We as the adults have to start making better decisions and setting better examples for our children. As parents, we are our children’s first teachers. We set the bar. Children mimic what they see, so if a positive image is being seen, then that child will think and act in a positive manner. On the other hand, if all a child sees is negativity, then you know what comesRead MoreReasons For The Death Penalty Essay1458 Words   |  6 Pagesabolitionists propose it is worthwhile for individuals to pay the penalty of a crime in a humane manner (Mappes, DeGrazia Zembaty, 2012). 1. Religious worldviews do not support the death penalty. It is a global understanding that the Bible indicates that humans should not take each other lives. The teaching of the Bible supports a moral lifestyle and in most cultures the Bible has a significant impact on how individuals should treat each other. 2. Reiman, Stephenson Bolinko stated that â€Å"all lives areRead MoreIs Children’s Development a Universal Staged Process or a Social and Cultural Process?1547 Words   |  7 PagesIs Children’s development a universal staged process or a social and cultural process? There are three main approaches to child development, the scientific, the social constructionist and the applied approach. Each of these approaches look at children’s development from a different stand point. I will go on to explore each approach in turn and how they can help us answer the above question. The scientific approach to child development seeks to explain the facts about child development. It does

A Game of Thrones Chapter Fifty-eight Free Essays

Eddard The straw on the floor stank of urine. There was no window, no bed, not even a slop bucket. He remembered walls of pale red stone festooned with patches of nitre, a grey door of splintered wood, four inches thick and studded with iron. We will write a custom essay sample on A Game of Thrones Chapter Fifty-eight or any similar topic only for you Order Now He had seen them, briefly, a quick glimpse as they shoved him inside. Once the door had slammed shut, he had seen no more. The dark was absolute. He had as well been blind. Or dead. Buried with his king. â€Å"Ah, Robert,† he murmured as his groping hand touched a cold stone wall, his leg throbbing with every motion. He remembered the jest the king had shared in the crypts of Winterfell, as the Kings of Winter looked on with cold stone eyes. The king eats, Robert had said, and the Hand takes the shit. How he had laughed. Yet he had gotten it wrong. The king dies, Ned Stark thought, and the Hand is buried. The dungeon was under the Red Keep, deeper than he dared imagine. He remembered the old stories about Maegor the Cruel, who murdered all the masons who labored on his castle, so they might never reveal its secrets. He damned them all: Littlefinger, Janos Slynt and his gold cloaks, the queen, the Kingslayer, Pycelle and Varys and Ser Barristan, even Lord Renly, Robert’s own blood, who had run when he was needed most. Yet in the end he blamed himself. â€Å"Fool,† he cried to the darkness, â€Å"thrice-damned blind fool.† Cersei Lannister’s face seemed to float before him in the darkness. Her hair was full of sunlight, but there was mockery in her smile. â€Å"When you play the game of thrones, you win or you die,† she whispered. Ned had played and lost, and his men had paid the price of his folly with their life’s blood. When he thought of his daughters, he would have wept gladly, but the tears would not come. Even now, he was a Stark of Winterfell, and his grief and his rage froze hard inside him. When he kept very still, his leg did not hurt so much, so he did his best to lie unmoving. For how long he could not say. There was no sun and no moon. He could not see to mark the walls. Ned closed his eyes and opened them; it made no difference. He slept and woke and slept again. He did not know which was more painful, the waking or the sleeping. When he slept, he dreamed: dark disturbing dreams of blood and broken promises. When he woke, there was nothing to do but think, and his waking thoughts were worse than nightmares. The thought of Cat was as painful as a bed of nettles. He wondered where she was, what she was doing. He wondered whether he would ever see her again. Hours turned to days, or so it seemed. He could feel a dull ache in his shattered leg, an itch beneath the plaster. When he touched his thigh, the flesh was hot to his fingers. The only sound was his breathing. After a time, he began to talk aloud, just to hear a voice. He made plans to keep himself sane, built castles of hope in the dark. Robert’s brothers were out in the world, raising armies at Dragonstone and Storm’s End. Alyn and Harwin would return to King’s Landing with the rest of his household guard once they had dealt with Ser Gregor. Catelyn would raise the north when the word reached her, and the lords of river and mountain and Vale would join her. He found himself thinking of Robert more and more. He saw the king as he had been in the flower of his youth, tall and handsome, his great antlered helm on his head, his warhammer in hand, sitting his horse like a horned god. He heard his laughter in the dark, saw his eyes, blue and clear as mountain lakes. â€Å"Look at us, Ned,† Robert said. â€Å"Gods, how did we come to this? You here, and me killed by a pig. We won a throne together . . . â€Å" I failed you, Robert, Ned thought. He could not say the words. I lied to you, hid the truth. I let them kill you. The king heard him. â€Å"You stiff-necked fool,† he muttered, â€Å"too proud to listen. Can you eat pride, Stark? Will honor shield your children?† Cracks ran down his face, fissures opening in the flesh, and he reached up and ripped the mask away. It was not Robert at all; it was Littlefinger, grinning, mocking him. When he opened his mouth to speak, his lies turned to pale grey moths and took wing. Ned was half-asleep when the footsteps came down the hall. At first he thought he dreamt them; it had been so long since he had heard anything but the sound of his own voice. Ned was feverish by then, his leg a dull agony, his lips parched and cracked. When the heavy wooden door creaked open, the sudden light was painful to his eyes. A gaoler thrust a jug at him. The clay was cool and beaded with moisture. Ned grasped it with both hands and gulped eagerly. Water ran from his mouth and dripped down through his beard. He drank until he thought he would be sick. â€Å"How long . . . ?† he asked weakly when he could drink no more. The gaoler was a scarecrow of a man with a rat’s face and frayed beard, clad in a mail shirt and a leather half cape. â€Å"No talking,† he said as he wrenched the jug from Ned’s hands. â€Å"Please,† Ned said, â€Å"my daughters . . . † The door crashed shut. He blinked as the light vanished, lowered his head to his chest, and curled up on the straw. It no longer stank of urine and shit. It no longer smelled at all. He could no longer tell the difference between waking and sleeping. The memory came creeping upon him in the darkness, as vivid as a dream. It was the year of false spring, and he was eighteen again, down from the Eyrie to the tourney at Harrenhal. He could see the deep green of the grass, and smell the pollen on the wind. Warm days and cool nights and the sweet taste of wine. He remembered Brandon’s laughter, and Robert’s berserk valor in the melee, the way he laughed as he unhorsed men left and right. He remembered Jaime Lannister, a golden youth in scaled white armor, kneeling on the grass in front of the king’s pavilion and making his vows to protect and defend King Aerys. Afterward, Ser Oswell Whent helped Jaime to his feet, and the White Bull himself, Lord Commander Ser Gerold Hightower, fastened the snowy cloak of the Kingsguard about his shoulders. All six White Swords were there to welcome their newest brother. Yet when the jousting began, the day belonged to Rhaegar Targaryen. The crown prince wore the armor he would die in: gleaming black plate with the three-headed dragon of his House wrought in rubies on the breast. A plume of scarlet silk streamed behind him when he rode, and it seemed no lance could touch him. Brandon fell to him, and Bronze Yohn Royce, and even the splendid Ser Arthur Dayne, the Sword of the Morning. Robert had been jesting with Jon and old Lord Hunter as the prince circled the field after unhorsing Ser Barristan in the final tilt to claim the champion’s crown. Ned remembered the moment when all the smiles died, when Prince Rhaegar Targaryen urged his horse past his own wife, the Dornish princess Elia Martell, to lay the queen of beauty’s laurel in Lyanna’s lap. He could see it still: a crown of winter roses, blue as frost. Ned Stark reached out his hand to grasp the flowery crown, but beneath the pale blue petals the thorns lay hidden. He felt them clawing at his skin, sharp and cruel, saw the slow trickle of blood run down his fingers, and woke, trembling, in the dark. Promise me, Ned, his sister had whispered from her bed of blood. She had loved the scent of winter roses. â€Å"Gods save me,† Ned wept. â€Å"I am going mad.† The gods did not deign to answer. Each time the turnkey brought him water, he told himself another day had passed. At first he would beg the man for some word of his daughters and the world beyond his cell. Grunts and kicks were his only replies. Later, when the stomach cramps began, he begged for food instead. It made no matter; he was not fed. Perhaps the Lannisters meant for him to starve to death. â€Å"No,† he told himself. If Cersei had wanted him dead, he would have been cut down in the throne room with his men. She wanted him alive. Weak, desperate, yet alive. Catelyn held her brother; she dare not kill him or the Imp’s life would be forfeit as well. From outside his cell came the rattle of iron chains. As the door creaked open, Ned put a hand to the damp wall and pushed himself toward the light. The glare of a torch made him squint. â€Å"Food,† he croaked. â€Å"Wine,† a voice answered. It was not the rat-faced man; this gaoler was stouter, shorter, though he wore the same leather half cape and spiked steel cap. â€Å"Drink, Lord Eddard.† He thrust a wineskin into Ned’s hands. The voice was strangely familiar, yet it took Ned Stark a moment to place it. â€Å"Varys?† he said groggily when it came. He touched the man’s face. â€Å"I’m not . . . not dreaming this. You’re here.† The eunuch’s plump cheeks were covered with a dark stubble of beard. Ned felt the coarse hair with his fingers. Varys had transformed himself into a grizzled turnkey, reeking of sweat and sour wine. â€Å"How did you . . . what sort of magician are you?† â€Å"A thirsty one,† Varys said. â€Å"Drink, my lord.† Ned’s hands fumbled at the skin. â€Å"Is this the same poison they gave Robert?† â€Å"You wrong me,† Varys said sadly. â€Å"Truly, no one loves a eunuch. Give me the skin.† He drank, a trickle of red leaking from the corner of his plump mouth. â€Å"Not the equal of the vintage you offered me the night of the tourney, but no more poisonous than most,† he concluded, wiping his lips. â€Å"Here.† Ned tried a swallow. â€Å"Dregs.† He felt as though he were about to bring the wine back up. â€Å"All men must swallow the sour with the sweet. High lords and eunuchs alike. Your hour has come, my lord.† â€Å"My daughters . . . â€Å" â€Å"The younger girl escaped Ser Meryn and fled,† Varys told him. â€Å"I have not been able to find her. Nor have the Lannisters. A kindness, there. Our new king loves her not. Your older girl is still betrothed to Joffrey. Cersei keeps her close. She came to court a few days ago to plead that you be spared. A pity you couldn’t have been there, you would have been touched.† He leaned forward intently. â€Å"I trust you realize that you are a dead man, Lord Eddard?† â€Å"The queen will not kill me,† Ned said. His head swam; the wine was strong, and it had been too long since he’d eaten. â€Å"Cat . . . Cat holds her brother . . . â€Å" â€Å"The wrong brother,† Varys sighed. â€Å"And lost to her, in any case. She let the Imp slip through her fingers. I expect he is dead by now, somewhere in the Mountains of the Moon.† â€Å"If that is true, slit my throat and have done with it.† He was dizzy from the wine, tired and heartsick. â€Å"Your blood is the last thing I desire.† Ned frowned. â€Å"When they slaughtered my guard, you stood beside the queen and watched, and said not a word.† â€Å"And would again. I seem to recall that I was unarmed, unarmored, and surrounded by Lannister swords.† The eunuch looked at him curiously, tilting his head. â€Å"When I was a young boy, before I was cut, I traveled with a troupe of mummers through the Free Cities. They taught me that each man has a role to play, in life as well as mummery. So it is at court. The King’s Justice must be fearsome, the master of coin must be frugal, the Lord Commander of the Kingsguard must be valiant . . . and the master of whisperers must be sly and obsequious and without scruple. A courageous informer would be as useless as a cowardly knight.† He took the wineskin back and drank. Ned studied the eunuch’s face, searching for truth beneath the mummer’s scars and false stubble. He tried some more wine. This time it went down easier. â€Å"Can you free me from this pit?† â€Å"I could . . . but will I? No. Questions would be asked, and the answers would lead back to me.† Ned had expected no more. â€Å"You are blunt.† â€Å"A eunuch has no honor, and a spider does not enjoy the luxury of scruples, my lord.† â€Å"Would you at least consent to carry a message out for me?† â€Å"That would depend on the message. I will gladly provide you with paper and ink, if you like. And when you have written what you will, I will take the letter and read it, and deliver it or not, as best serves my own ends.† â€Å"Your own ends. What ends are those, Lord Varys?† â€Å"Peace,† Varys replied without hesitation. â€Å"If there was one soul in King’s Landing who was truly desperate to keep Robert Baratheon alive, it was me.† He sighed. â€Å"For fifteen years I protected him from his enemies, but I could not protect him from his friends. What strange fit of madness led you to tell the queen that you had learned the truth of Joffrey’s birth?† â€Å"The madness of mercy,† Ned admitted. â€Å"Ah,† said Varys. â€Å"To be sure. You are an honest and honorable man, Lord Eddard. Ofttimes I forget that. I have met so few of them in my life.† He glanced around the cell. â€Å"When I see what honesty and honor have won you, I understand why.† Ned Stark laid his head back against the damp stone wall and closed his eyes. His leg was throbbing. â€Å"The king’s wine . . . did you question Lancel?† â€Å"Oh, indeed. Cersei gave him the wineskins, and told him it was Robert’s favorite vintage.† The eunuch shrugged. â€Å"A hunter lives a perilous life. If the boar had not done for Robert, it would have been a fall from a horse, the bite of a wood adder, an arrow gone astray . . . the forest is the abbatoir of the gods. It was not wine that killed the king. It was your mercy.† Ned had feared as much. â€Å"Gods forgive me.† â€Å"If there are gods,† Varys said, â€Å"I expect they will. The queen would not have waited long in any case. Robert was becoming unruly, and she needed to be rid of him to free her hands to deal with his brothers. They are quite a pair, Stannis and Renly. The iron gauntlet and the silk glove.† He wiped his mouth with the back of his hand. â€Å"You have been foolish, my lord. You ought to have heeded Littlefinger when he urged you to support Joffrey’s succession.† â€Å"How . . . how could you know of that?† Varys smiled. â€Å"I know, that’s all that need concern you. I also know that on the morrow the queen will pay you a visit.† Slowly Ned raised his eyes. â€Å"Why?† â€Å"Cersei is frightened of you, my lord . . . but she has other enemies she fears even more. Her beloved Jaime is fighting the river lords even now. Lysa Arryn sits in the Eyrie, ringed in stone and steel, and there is no love lost between her and the queen. In Dorne, the Martells still brood on the murder of Princess Elia and her babes. And now your son marches down the Neck with a northern host at his back.† â€Å"Robb is only a boy,† Ned said, aghast. â€Å"A boy with an army,† Varys said. â€Å"Yet only a boy, as you say. The king’s brothers are the ones giving Cersei sleepless nights . . . Lord Stannis in particular. His claim is the true one, he is known for his prowess as a battle commander, and he is utterly without mercy. There is no creature on earth half so terrifying as a truly just man. No one knows what Stannis has been doing on Dragonstone, but I will wager you that he’s gathered more swords than seashells. So here is Cersei’s nightmare: while her father and brother spend their power battling Starks and Tullys, Lord Stannis will land, proclaim himself king, and lop off her son’s curly blond head . . . and her own in the bargain, though I truly believe she cares more about the boy.† â€Å"Stannis Baratheon is Robert’s true heir,† Ned said. â€Å"The throne is his by rights. I would welcome his ascent.† Varys tsked. â€Å"Cersei will not want to hear that, I promise you. Stannis may win the throne, but only your rotting head will remain to cheer unless you guard that tongue of yours. Sansa begged so sweetly, it would be a shame if you threw it all away. You are being given your life back, if you’ll take it. Cersei is no fool. She knows a tame wolf is of more use than a dead one.† â€Å"You want me to serve the woman who murdered my king, butchered my men, and crippled my son?† Ned’s voice was thick with disbelief. â€Å"I want you to serve the realm,† Varys said. â€Å"Tell the queen that you will confess your vile treason, command your son to lay down his sword, and proclaim Joffrey as the true heir. Offer to denounce Stannis and Renly as faithless usurpers. Our green-eyed lioness knows you are a man of honor. If you will give her the peace she needs and the time to deal with Stannis, and pledge to carry her secret to your grave, I believe she will allow you to take the black and live out the rest of your days on the Wall, with your brother and that baseborn son of yours.† The thought of Jon filled Ned with a sense of shame, and a sorrow too deep for words. If only he could see the boy again, sit and talk with him . . . pain shot through his broken leg, beneath the filthy grey plaster of his cast. He winced, his fingers opening and closing helplessly. â€Å"Is this your own scheme,† he gasped out at Varys, â€Å"or are you in league with Littlefinger?† That seemed to amuse the eunuch. â€Å"I would sooner wed the Black Goat of Qohor. Littlefinger is the second most devious man in the Seven Kingdoms. Oh, I feed him choice whispers, sufficient so that he thinks I am his . . . just as I allow Cersei to believe I am hers.† â€Å"And just as you let me believe that you were mine. Tell me, Lord Varys, who do you truly serve?† Varys smiled thinly. â€Å"Why, the realm, my good lord, how ever could you doubt that? I swear it by my lost manhood. I serve the realm, and the realm needs peace.† He finished the last swallow of wine, and tossed the empty skin aside. â€Å"So what is your answer, Lord Eddard? Give me your word that you’ll tell the queen what she wants to hear when she comes calling.† â€Å"If I did, my word would be as hollow as an empty suit of armor. My life is not so precious to me as that.† â€Å"Pity.† The eunuch stood. â€Å"And your daughter’s life, my lord? How precious is that?† A chill pierced Ned’s heart. â€Å"My daughter . . . â€Å" â€Å"Surely you did not think I’d forgotten about your sweet innocent, my lord? The queen most certainly has not.† â€Å"No,† Ned pleaded, his voice cracking. â€Å"Varys, gods have mercy, do as you like with me, but leave my daughter out of your schemes. Sansa’s no more than a child.† â€Å"Rhaenys was a child too. Prince Rhaegar’s daughter. A precious little thing, younger than your girls. She had a small black kitten she called Balerion, did you know? I always wondered what happened to him. Rhaenys liked to pretend he was the true Balerion, the Black Dread of old, but I imagine the Lannisters taught her the difference between a kitten and a dragon quick enough, the day they broke down her door.† Varys gave a long weary sigh, the sigh of a man who carried all the sadness of the world in a sack upon his shoulders. â€Å"The High Septon once told me that as we sin, so do we suffer. If that’s true, Lord Eddard, tell me . . . why is it always the innocents who suffer most, when you high lords play your game of thrones? Ponder it, if you would, while you wait upon the queen. And spare a thought for this as well: The next visitor who calls on you could bring you bread and cheese and the milk of the poppy for your pain . . . or he could bring you S ansa’s head. â€Å"The choice, my dear lord Hand, is entirely yours.† How to cite A Game of Thrones Chapter Fifty-eight, Essay examples

Reducing Violence in Society free essay sample

Finn’s that â€Å"we really understand the market only when we examine it within its [full] political, social, and cultural context† (p. 144). His use of the term the â€Å"moral ecology of markets† refers to his concept that markets involve complex interactions among a wide range of social factors that must be studied like an ecological system. Finn has identified four areas of morality:(1) government imposed constraints to markets that prevent market abuses, also they various opinions from left and right hinge on where fences should be built (2) the provision of essential goods and services to all persons, that means to redress distributional shortcomings of the market and balanced the demand and supply. (3) the morality of individuals and groups to restrain individual pursuit of self-interest by virtue. 4) the presence of civil society, in other worlds voluntary associations of individuals to achieve common goals. He suggests, is not between addressing these problems through totally free markets on the one hand, or some sort of centrally planned system on the other, since all real-world economic systems include some mix of markets and government involvement. We will write a custom essay sample on Reducing Violence in Society or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Market systems provide some boundaries that limit or prohibit certain practices, and planned economies allow some decisions to be made by individuals. For all points of view from left to right, the assessment of justice will depend not only on the structure for markets themselves but also on the context of markets. Finn provides an economic defense of self-interest and market. Because he tried to believe that libertarians seek to defend markets without recourse to moral claims. However, they have failed eventually, because any defense of markets necessarily involves some moral claims, and indeed libertarians do accept some claims, though often implicitly. So that Finn proposes the â€Å"four problems of economic life†Ã¢â‚¬â€allocation, distribution, scale, and quality of relations—which all economic systems must address. The economic problems are interrelated, and attempts to solve on can have a beneficial or detrimental effects on the others. Begins with the â€Å"construction of fences† that defines the bounds of allowable market fences. They allow the established fences people are free to pursue their own interests. Simultaneously, USA people agree that current market fences are morally sufficient to prevent abuses. Since Finn argues that do acting on self-interest within the game is allowed. The executives should be responsible to shareholders and employees. It is not just corporation get profits as a main purpose, but also managers should consider others. For example a company had shortage, executives does not lay off its workers during a downturn in demand but rather reduces the wages and salaries of company employees, because everybody has right to pursue their self-interest. Employees also need to pay for their family or terrible life. Also, each person have desire to pursue self-interest in social and allow do acting within rules what they made, like the â€Å"construction of fences†, the multi-national corporation should obligate to treat all teams be fair. Finn’s arguments are not convincing. I do not think Finn’s account of self-interest promote mutual understanding. First, Finn’s account of self-interest fails to recognize that in most market exchanges neither the buyer nor the seller takes explicit account of his or her self-interest, nor the interest of others, but each simply â€Å"goes about his or her business. For example if I back to home and by the way go to supermarket to buy fruits and milk, I make calculations nor do I consider tradeoffs. I simply select the items, pay my bill, and head for home. I pursue my self-interest because I base my decision on factors such as convenience, bargains, but how often do â€Å"abuses† arise on account of self-interested behavior ? Second, Finn’s account of self-interest is that he seems to equate self-interested behavior with market behavior. A government officer might seek to enlarge his budget, or the number of workers reporting to him, so as to increase his salary.

The Maori and Pakeha of New Zealand Conflicts Case

There are several cultural conflicts in the world today, and one example is the case of the Maori and Pakeha of New Zealand. This conflict is always brought about by differences in organization culture of communities in question. There are different elements of organization culture, which bring communities into conflict.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The Maori and Pakeha of New Zealand Conflicts Case specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Weeks, the physical artifacts, which are the physical layout and use of facilities that represent a symbolic expression of an underlying meaning or values and beliefs as exhibited in the case of the Maori and Pakeha, is one of the major causes of conflict (1994). Ngaire, like all other Maori, believed Marae was a prestigious place to hold Hui because wharenui in Marae was named after an ancestor. The Maori like other communities, believed in ancestors and hol d such a place with high esteem. The Pakeha on the other hand saw Marae as a less prestigious place and her manager did not see Marae as a place that could befit such a high profile occasion. Language and metaphors is another element of the organization culture which often causes conflict among communities (Shellemberg, 1996). Language is a medium of communication for all humanity, the meaning of words used in the language always carry a lot of weight and always express the deep seated values that the organization or community hold dear. For example the name given to the meeting place in Marae (wharenui) did carry a lot of meaning and significance to the Maori people. Flannery (n.d.) says stories, myths and legends always epitomize the unwritten values and morals or the cultural life. The Maori people believed that the place named after one ancestor was a very significant place. They believed that People who go inside the wharenui would be taken into the body of that ancestor and pr otected. This are the cultural believes that are reinforced by stories and myths and they strengthen their belief in the process. Bilikopf (n.d.) argues that Ceremonies and celebrations are other elements that signify organization culture which cause conflict; this is where people participate in their cultural ceremonies. There are different roles played by different people that signify different aspects of their beliefs and these serve to reinforce their cultural believes.Advertising Looking for critical writing on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The organizing of Hui by Ngaire for the Maori women is such an example. Another organization element which causes conflict is the behavioral norms (Flannery (n.d.). Norms reflects the typical leadership in the cultural organization. The Hui was to be organized according to the accepted Maori ways with different people playing different roles designated by the societ y; the norms will dictate how people communicate in the society. It is the differences in these norms that bring about the conflict. The Maori community has their own communal behavioral norms which differ from the Pakeha behavioral norms. The shared believes and values are one other organizational element that makes communities to collide. These shared believes are values that hold communities together and indentifies them. This is what makes communities to refer themselves as ‘we’ and others as ‘them’. These believe and values make communities see others as outsiders, this is the major cause of collision between communities. The Maori community see themselves as indigenous and sees the Pakeha as foreign community with westernized culture. These differences collided in many ways as seen in the case of selecting a venue for holding the Hui ceremony. Ngaire is in dilemma not knowing what to do since as a Maori she would have wanted the Hui to be held in mare a, where the Maori people find to be prestigious and in honor of their ancestors at the same time his manager does not recognize the Maori believes and finds Marea less prestigious. The participants too seem to be of the idea of having the Pakeha style hotel venue as a place to host the Hui. Ngaire should not have resigned from her job of organizing Hui for the women because of the dissenting opinions. She ought to have gone ahead and strike a balance between the two differing opinions and find a neutral position that would be acceptable to the two sides. Further still, she ought to have sought the opinion of different people to find a suitable place that would be perceived as prestigious. By resigning, this didn’t solve any problem, and this shows that she lacked both leadership skills and managerial skills.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The Maori and Pakeha of New Zealand Conflicts Case specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/p age Learn More As a manger there are different solutions and strategies that can be adopted to resolve conflict in an organization or a community. The manager has to take a neutral position without favoring either side. No one culture is superior to another, although members of either side may perceive their own to be superior. The manager’s role is to identify the points of conflict. always each of the conflicting parties have a valid point and the manager has to consider this points without taking sides or being biased and try to find a solution , without being seen as favoring one side. The interests of the whole community should be taken into consideration without favoring one single community. As a case of Maori and Pakeha a manager should consider the prestigious place held by each and the reasons why they hold such opinions. Out of that try to find out a solution that would leave each side contended. Always the interest of the whole society should overri de the interest of the one group. One other strategy is to be aware of the diversity of the communities, and therefore have to engage both parties in a series of brainstorming and in the process of resolve the differences. When the conflicting parties are actively engage, they get to understand each other well. A manger should not engage one group independently, instead both parties should be present and all sides allowed air their views. This strategy always serves the purpose of cooling down the rising temperatures and always results in a big success. When each group is engaged separately it will result in suspicion and friction between the conflicting groups. The manager should always try to involve both parties and emphasize, that each community is different in their own ways but they can coexist peacefully. The philosophy here is unity in diversity (Laurence, n.d.). The manager should be a negotiator that can bring mutual understanding and respect among the potential enemies or rivals. The manager should not impose his will on the warring parties. He has to listen keenly to what each party has to say and out of that negotiate skillfully for a lasting solution. His role is to make the parties to understand the need of unity, and what they will gain by working together. The potential losses arising from conflict should be emphasized. The manager has to make people understand the importance of peace and the need to respect each other. It is the mutual respect for each other that communities would prosper and achieve a lot in development. Negotiation is the most effective way of resolving conflict in different parts of the word and its widely employed strategy.Advertising Looking for critical writing on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another strategy is to create a compromise between the conflicting views. This is achieved by making both sides realize their differing views and the need for an alternative view that will accommodate both sides. A compromise is always effective when the involved parties realize their difference and the need for an alternative solution. The compromise solution will contain some of the views of each party and the extreme views always not taken into account when developing a compromise solution. This has been found to be one of the best strategies of resolving conflicts. If well executed, it will provide a long lasting solution to conflict. Besides all these strategies employed in conflict resolution, there are many others which have been used to some extent. For example use of force, though not very popular it has been used in some cases. Conflict has been part of human societies throughout history, some conflicts have been resolved successfully and some have gone without being resol ved. Lately there has been a tendency to resolve virtually all the conflicts; this has largely been because of globalization and the interest of some countries seeking peace everywhere in the world. Reference List Bilikopf, G. (n.d.). Conflict Management Skills. Web. Flannery, B. (n.d). Conflict Resolution Strategies – Skills for Resolving Conflict. Web. Laurence J. P. (n.d.) Conflict Resolution: Global Strategic Dispute Management. Web. Schellemberg, J. (1996). Conflict Resolution: Theory, Research and Practices. NewYork, NY: SinyPress. Weeks, D. (1994). The Eight Essential Steps to Conflict Resolution. NewYork, NY: Tarcher. This critical writing on The Maori and Pakeha of New Zealand Conflicts Case was written and submitted by user Luciano Mullins to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Forced Marriages Essays

Forced Marriages Essays Forced Marriages Essay Forced Marriages Essay What tradition, the tradition of forced marriages. It Is an unpleasant tradition of forced marriages, which still sadly, exists in this modern world. This form of pairing, affects mainly the young British Asian girls/women in the I-J. Not only does this happen here, but also in many parts of the world due to tradition that goes back to centuries. The practice of forced marriage was very common amongst the upper classes in Europe until the asses, but Is still a growing problem around the world. Forced marriages can often be confused with arranged marriages. Arranged marriages defer from forced marriage, as an arranged marriage would be arranged by someone other than the couple getting wedded. A forced marriage is a marriage in which one is married without his or her consent, or against his or her will. This tradition is still practiced in South Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. In most but not all forced marriages, it is the female (rather than the male) who Is the Involuntary spouse. Men and women are still not completely equal In this world, and this upsets me knowing that I am growing up In an unbalanced society where women are constantly being prejudiced against men, which is why I think arced marriages should go into Room 101 . And what is the government actually doing to stop or help young girls being forced into marrying strangers or In some cases their own first cousins? Action must be taken now. The tradition of arranged marriage is central to the social systems of the community, and in particular to the system of honor. : Marriages negotiated by community elders view the union as bringing together two families, rather than two individuals. Forced marriages are generally made because of family pride and the wishes of the parents. In many circumstances, the daughter must do everything the ether tells her to do. The parents would constantly Imprint the Idea that the formally social standing or image Is worsening. This manipulation causes the child to feel that they cannot let the family down, as they fear getting rejected by them. In worst cases, the child or woman would become a victim to mental, physical or sexual abuse in order to keep quiet about the arrangement of marriage. In some instances victims have even been murdered. Many cases involve the person thinking that they are going on a holiday to their home country, but In fact it wont be a holiday at all. They re left abandoned by people who they thought they could trust. They end up facing life with a stranger, living there in distress, misery and hell for the rest of their lives. Because of this, many organizations have been introduced to the victims of forced marriages. It is quite rare that a young woman who has been forced to marry has escaped the marriage, and had returned back home. Because of their experience, they have the urge to want to help the hundreds of girls facing forced marriages. These organizations help, advise and comfort those who are subjected to the forced marriages wince snouts De recognized as a crime. Puddle awareness Ana start become more acknowledged, as there are things such as warning signs which start to follow on a forced marriage, suspicions about parents or suspicions on going on these so-called holidays. But I think the Government needs to tighten in order to prevent this from happening because not much is known about this issue. It is a crime against humanity. We all know how religion and old traditions oppresses women in the most degrading and the most outrageous forms. Dont you think it is about time to do something to ensure a womens well being? Dont you think it is about time to CRIMINALS any arced marriages? We have paid respect to ancient tradition for so long and ignored the rights of the children and women. There is always an argument on any subject. One should not be biased, but in some circumstances, the other side is really not needed. This topic is one of those, as the pros of forced marriage are absolutely, totally unnecessary. Who and for what reason would someone want to agree with this mortifying way of marriage? Well people may be for forced marriages, in order to save their family reputation as they do not want to be humiliated in their community. Following the tradition of forced arraign is the route they take, taking in no concern of their children. Where force is used in marriage, it is generally Justified through an appeal to traditional values the authority and wisdom of parents, the childrens duty of obedience, the honor of the family, respecting the tradition. Few people openly support force in marriage. When it happens, the perpetrators do not say, or for the most part even believe, that they are forcing their children into an unpleasant situation. They do not take account in what they are putting their children through. They say, and usually believe that their rater age, wisdom and experience give them a better understanding of their childrens long term welfare. Parents who push children into forced marriages are often unaware of the family law of this country. They believe they are doing the right thing by choosing the most suitable brides or grooms for their children. Some may have agreements with other families abroad; these may include having agreeing or promising to have the children married while before they are born, or having the two children married in order to bring the spouse into the I-J, or Just to strengthen the families position in the community. Parents who force their children to marry often Justify their behavior as protecting their children, building stronger families and preserving cultural or religious traditions. They do not see anything wrong in their actions. Other cultures view forced marriage as the only valid form of marriage as they may not recognize Western ideas of love and romance. Refusal to go through with a forced marriage has, in the past, been linked to so-called honor crimes. Honor crimes include abduction, imprisonment, physical and emotional abuse, forced abortions and rape, as well as murder. This is an example of such honor rimes linked with family tradition. This case involved Samara Aziza, whose brother and young cousin were given life sentences for her murder. The killing of the bright 25-year old graduate happened in the family home in Southpaw, West London, when her family decided she had to pay for having an affair with a Muslim man, not of her Tamales choosing. As her brother had been led away by police after killing Samara, he had said: There had been a problem with my sister. She does not wish to have an arranged marriage We only allow marriage within the family. My sister wanted to run away from the souse and was stopped. The whole family witnessed the event, and Samaras father had fled to Pakistan, where there is no extradition treaty, to avoid Justice. Her mother had stood by and watched as Samara was stabbed and then pulled back into the house by her hair as she tried to flee the house. Samara was stabbed eighteen times, and her throat was cut three times. The two children of Char Nazi, her 29- year old brother, were so close to the scene of the killing that they were spattered with blood. The children were aged two and four. In many cultures, the women are often looked down on than the males. A Kurdish girl named Dreary had received the order to kill herself from her uncle, via a SMS text message on her cell phone. The message read: Mimi have blackened our name. Kill yourself and clean our shame or we will kill you first. She had been seeing a boy from her school and was caught out by her family. She fled from her family, and she said, In my village and in my fathers tribe, boys are in the sky while girls are treated as if they are under the earth. The other side of the argument can go on forever as there are endless reasons why which forced marriages should go in Room 101 . Forced marriage is not a religious issue; every major faith condemns it and freely given consent is a condition of Christian, Hindu, Muslim and Sikh marriages. Opposing tradition, in Islam, the Prophet Muhammad said: A previously married woman shall not be married without being consulted and a vi rgin shall not be married without her consent. This statement clearly establishes the principle of the females right to choose a marriage partner. Neither the legal guardian nor anyone else can force a female (or male) to marry against his or hers wishes, since Islam emphatically disallows forced arises. Why people still force their children to marry out of their will, even though it is against their religion is the question. Western society and the United Nations view forced marriage as a form of human rights abuse, since it violates the principle of the freedom and independence of individuals. It prevents the person from finishing their education, having a social life (socializing, dating) and having a happy life. Why should someone not have the right to choose their husband or wife whom they will spend the rest of their life with? As the parent constantly tells the child that t is up to them to keep the familys name honorable, once they are married, they feel they have to stay married as they cannot let down the family. If they return home, their parents would usually disown them, so this consequence influences them to stay married even though they are unhappy. Forced marriage can have a serious impact on a person, as their mentality changes due to depression and unhappiness can lead to health problems. The emotional abuse and threatening behavior coming from the family often leads to excessive anxiety, isolation, eating disorders, running away, self-harm or even suicide. When someone has been forced into a marriage and is now living abroad, the in-laws may do everything in their power to prevent the wife or husband running away or contacting their friends or Tamely. I Nils can Involve Pensacola Ana sexual souse, sometimes Imprisonment. In in-laws may even keep the passport of the person so that if they do try to run away, they wont be able to get very far. This case study is a about a woman named Same Ala was forced into a marriage at thirteen years of age. Same had been abandoned by her parents and so she grew up in a childrens home from the age of six months. When she was even; she was told that her family wanted her back, she couldnt wait. However she returned to a dirty house where she was subjected to endless chores. She lived with her brothers and sisters. Apart from her sister Mean, nobody in the family ever spoke to Same unless to bark commands. She suffered abuse from her mother who would punch her back and push her on the kitchen floor. Her mother also tried to cure Same of her stutter, as she pinned her to the floor and cut the skin under her tongue with a razor blade. Her mothers abuse drove Same to unhappiness which made her perform self harm. When her mother told Same about a trip to Pakistan, she was excited as she was to visit Pakistan for the first time, only to discover she wasnt there for a holiday. Instead Same was taken to an isolated village and forced to marry a man in his late twenties called Faze. From the wedding night on, he raped her. Aged Just thirteen, he would rape her repeatedly. Two months later, when she was fourteen she fell pregnant, Just as her mother had intended. Even better, with a son. Like many forced brides, Same had cut herself and taken an overdose to escape her marriage, but now she was a mother, she knew she had to live for her sons sake. When she was seventeen, she escaped from the family to Glasgow. The family was putting pressure on Same to go to Pakistan to bring back her son Faze. When she refused, her brother Mans had threatened her, You are going to Pakistan, even if it is in a body bag. It was then that a family friend, Share All, came to stay. She felt she could confide in him. Share came from a much more liberal family and was horrified by what she told him. At the end of 1987, Share rescued Same and Gamier and took them to Manchester. He had thought he could provide for her and keep her safe, but she wasnt safe. A ewe months later three men were arrested after a random police stop on the outskirts of Manchester. In their van were knives, baseball bats and other weapons. Mans had hired them to bring Gamier back and amazingly, Same, Share and Gamier had moved to a new address that very morning; the kidnappers had only their old address. Same was called to give evidence against her brother. As she saw her mother, she did not want to make any eye-contact as she did not want to show her mother of how scared she was. Mans was sentenced to four years for attempted kidnapping. She became Saguaros wife, whom she had her second hill with. He was the first person to show her affection and understanding since her days in the childrens home. It was a love that encouraged her to get a qualification in tourism she had had no formal education since the age of 12 and a Job at Manchester Airport. Then in 2007 she decided to stand for election to Manchester City Council, and won the biggest ever majority in her ward. Her brothers and sisters still live in Glasgow. They had come to visit her in hospital as she was having a brain tumor removed. But why was Same the only one of her siblings to be abused and Trace Into marriage? En Degas researching, Totally, Logrolling ten truth Tanat nerd uncle in Pakistan had lost a lot of money in gambling and he had promised his creditor a nice English-Pakistani girl as a way to avoid repaying the debt. Her mother wanted to help her brother more than to look after Same. Apart from Mans, Same still has some contact with her siblings, all of whom are married and have children. Although her sisters still believe that you cannot pick your own husband. Her eldest son has chosen his own bride two years older than him, Sarah who Same is very delighted and excited about. Excited about Sarahs choice to have both English and Asian wedding which will be extremely colorful and beautiful. So different from her first marriage into a world where she did not belong. She has transformed her terrifying ordeal into a book called Belonging, in which she describes her traumatic life as a victim of forced marriage. This case is a case which is quite unique and rare as she had the chance to escape, and was able to be saved by her later husband, Share. Not many victims are able to have the same chance of being saved, which is why something must be done to prevent forced marriages from aging place. This short case study is about a girl who was forced in a marriage which later resulted in attempted suicide. A girl was forced by her parents to marry her cousin from their village back home. When they first told her about the idea she made it clear that this was not what she wanted, but they insisted that she do as she was told. She did not feel she could go against her parents wishes as she did not want to hurt them, despite her friends urging her to take a stand. She married her cousin but was desperately unhappy and after two months she attempted suicide. Fortunately a rend found her in time and she was unsuccessful. She remains with her husband, although he treats her badly. She suffers from depression and attends an Asian womens support group following a referral from her GAP. She says she cannot leave her husband as it would bring shame on her family and hurt her parents. Her parents constant pressure to not let them down made it very difficult for her to rebel against the idea of letting them down. Some cases include girls contacting their embassy or high commissions office, which then attempts to rescue the girl and bring them back home. Sometimes it may be difficult as people in the village may hear upon this and pass the message on to the family which then hide the girl. Some may keep the passport to prevent the girl from going back home. The girl then has a choice to make. To either, return home where she can start a new life but she will be rejected from her family, or to be honorable to her parents by returning back to the marriage. This is often an incredibly hard decision to make which can affect the person emotionally. These cases are truly shocking and mortifying, knowing that these women and girls have to o through such experiences makes me feel absolutely sick. Currently, some two hundred cases of forced marriage are reported to the Foreign and Commonwealth Office each year. Many others go unreported. Reading this really upsets me, which strengthens my views on this topic. I would really want to see this sort of thing to stop, dont you? I En Internet Ana meal are congested Walt flews AT Trace marriages. Certainly all would be against the idea, but is this enough to change the law? Many documentaries and foundations have been made to reflect upon the hidden problem in order to raise awareness. Guiding Cards is a writer, broadcaster, and a British-Pakistani and also a neighbor of mine. He appeared in a recent broadcast (1st December 2008) of a BBC 2 documentary called This World: Forced Marriages. I wanted to know about his views on forced marriages so I decided to interview him. He told me that; The idea is that the parents want to keep the families together. So they think the best thing for them is to marry their children to somebody in the same clan, that will keep the family and clan together. And what happens is that when the girl refuses to engage in this activity, they usually runaway so instead of the family being together, the family actually breaks up. I then asked him, what is the solution and how is this going to stop? He responded by saying; Mimi need to declare forced marriages as a criminal activity, we have to criminality it. There is no other option. We have to tell these people who engage in this practice, that this practice has no place in contemporary Britain, that it is in fact a criminal act. You are violating somebody human rights, in some case you may be kidnapping them, and then of course you are forcing them onto a marriage. Author and actor Emmer Slay said: We want the older generations to know that we respect their culture, tradition and we understand that arranged marriages have a place in society. But there is a vast difference between an arranged and a forced marriage Consent. Emmer Slay is a supporter of the Forced Marriage Unit set up in 2000. Their slogan reads, Mimi have the right to choose Use it. Adamant Green is a Conservative home affairs spokesman who said, Forced marriages are a form of domestic vio lence that cannot be Justified on religious or cultural rounds. Crown Prosecution Service of West London sector director Nazi Faze says, Forced marriage is the beginning of the suffering, a wife will be repeatedly raped, assaulted and suffer a lifetime of abuse. There are many views on forced marriages but why would someone back the idea of forced marriages? The elder generation claims that it is the right thing to do as their parents had done the same. As long as the child lives under their roof they will do what they say. But what link is this with religion? There is no link, as it is against religious belief in many religions. People who engage in this act of forced marriage are usually more concerned putting culture/tradition ahead of religion. As long as the family has a good name, they are not prepared to pay the price of their children bringing shame to the family. Government NAS a role to play In all AT tens. But want nave teen done so Tar, Ana what are they prepared to do to prevent forced marriages from undergoing? The Governments forced marriage unit helps around 300 people a year who are forced into a marriage against their will here in the I-J or abroad. Around 15% of the people they help are male. The Foreign Office originally set up the Forced Marriage Unit in 2000. It was re-launched in January last year as a Joint venture with the Home Office with an annual budget of IEEE,OHO. At present, forced marriage is not a specific criminal offence in England and Wales, in the same way that domestic violence is not a specific criminal offence. According to The Forced Marriage (Civil Protection) Act (2007), a consultation paper by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and the Home Office called Forced Marriage: A Wrong not a Right, seeking views on whether there should be a specific criminal offence of forced marriage. The majority of respondents felt that the disadvantages of creating new criminal legislation would outweigh the advantages and the Government announced it would pursue civil, rather than criminal, legislation. So at present anyone found guilty of forcing someone into marriage can be prosecuted for kidnap, false imprisonment or rape, which are the criminal acts connected to forced marriage. Has anything changed? Has the number of people engaging in forced marriages changed? I feel the message is not being put across to those families who do not understand the full consequences of their actions. They do not realism that it is inhumane to force someone into a marriage in which they will have to live in for the rest of their lives. I think the government should really reconsider making forced marriages illegal. Making it illegal would entitle someone for example a doctor, youth worker, or even a friend eligible, to report the perpetrator to the police after noticing signs of someone becoming a victim. In conclusion, the definition of forced marriages speaks for itself. It has the opposite meaning to an arranged marriage, as one involves the future spouses giving heir full consent, while the other simply does not, and this is when forced marriage takes place. In its many cases, young adults and even children have been taken away by their parents and literally dumped with estranged men, sometimes cousins, along with their family who can be extremely violent towards the victims. For many of these victims, there is no way out as once they are married, an automatic ultimatum has been created for them. To either runaway back to their home and resume their education, but being disowned by their family, or to resume married life to protect and honor your family. Life for the victim can be extremely difficult as emotional pressure would have changed their mentality for the worst, causing them to runaway, perform self harm or to even commit suicide. If this is the outcome for some victims, why isnt anything being done? Why are we as a community, society, letting this happen right under our noses? It could be happening right now, and we could do something to prevent it from worsening, but it isnt that easy. People must be more aware of this problem, not only victims but the parents who engage in it. They need to realism that it is a false practice which has no humane meaning, no respect, and it retainer does not bring honor only shame. Although people claim that they had to also go tongue ten same thing, 010 teen not tank tenure was anything wrong Witt it, why would they want to enforce the same tradition on to their children? Do they think it would make their children happy? Or are they only doing this to make themselves happy? Over the years, society has changed, certainly in the British Asian community, but people are undetermined to move on from their traditions of the past. They must be able to see sense that it is utterly wrong to force someone into a marriage that they dont wish to be apart of. The youth of Asian Britain know that it is wrong and may think it is somewhat disgusting to marry your own cousin. They are aware of the problem, but what if their parents are traditional and expect the same expectations their parents had? We need to get through to them, tell them that a child is precious, and no matter if it is a boy or a girl you should not give them away to a life of unhappiness. Is this what they really want? If I were to ask a traditional parent, not even to start with the subject of forced marriage. If I were to ask, Would you want to see your son/daughter happy?

Calgary International Oil Shale Technologies

The report deals with the conflict the between the labourers and the scientist of   Calgary International Oil Shale Technologies, and advices Algoma Howard and her team for improving the employee-involvement relationship. Algoma Howard is the First Nation descendant, who implemented the teamwork program. It is important to note that one of the greatest solution of here problem is, she had, with her, Carlos Debrito, who is working in the Calgary International Oils Shale Technologies for 26 years. Conflict is something that is very common in a team and it could arise due to various reasons, one of the most important reasons behind this is personality clash. Since most of the time, the teams have people of different personalities therefore; most of the time there is a conflict within the team due to the difference in personalities. In this particular case the Calgary is a company that is having a dispute between the scientists and the labourers, and through the following way this particular dispute could be solved:   Behrends, A., Park, S.J. and Rottenburg, R., 2014. Travelling Models in African Conflict Management: Translating Technologies of Social Ordering. Brill. Berman, L. (2016). 13 Tools for Resolving Conflict in the Workplace, with Customers and in Life. Mediate.com. Folger, J.P., Poole, M.S. and Stutman, R.K., 2012. Working through conflict. Pearson Higher Ed. Marter, J. (2014). The Huffington Post.

W.B. Yeats Poems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

W.B. Yeats Poems - Essay Example Yeats mostly employed traditional against the form poems unlike another corresponding modernist who frequently experimented with the prevailing free verse. Yeats poem The Circus Animals’ Desertion entails five stanzas with the iambic pentameter. The poem present inspiration enabled with the searching for the truth. Yeats past poetic accomplishments of the circus animals mainly parades the show of his entire life. Yeats accomplish that individual music numerous techniques, which clearly possess massive rhythms of the Irish speech, and encompass into a colloquial yet dramatic speaking voice. Moreover, Yeats recognized uncertainty concerning the principles of conventional scansion of the kind that depicts the measure of verse to be metrical foot, and wrote of his earliest verse (Jochum, 2006, 123-189). Yeats’s subsequent prosody as the analyzable in terms of the traditional iambic patterns and the corresponding strong variations that Yeats played on these meters, or a more individualist’s combination of accentual and syllabic measures probably matters less than the fact that Yeats accomplishes his idiosyncratic music by concurrently working in and at the identical time against a fixed form. Yeats writes either in an accentual against or syllabic verse, which has fixed the number of syllables to every line. In The Lake Isle of Innisfree possess long lines with strong accents spread quite uniformly. The analysis poems manifest at the level of the form with the rhetorical available that implies a particular kind of the political freedom, which faithful summary of the central aspiration of the poet. The rhythm of every line contains complaint, a lapse within the scansion, at which point the poet openings pure longing (Jochum, 2006, 123-189). Rhythmic difference mainly expresses Yeats idea of freedom thus a prosodic variation acquires political

Measuring the success and the implementation of money laundering Dissertation

Measuring the success and the implementation of money laundering counter-measures - Dissertation Example In the early twentieth century, money laundering known as â€Å"dirty money† was seen primarily as a part of drug trafficking (or other criminal acts) where cash was deposited into banks with the express aim of transforming the proceeds from illegal acts into â€Å"clean† cash. In the last few decades, organised crime, which has come into being, is more sophisticated and global in nature, with even greater proceeds gained from the illegal activities. The term money laundering in the modern context, encompasses not only the aspect of ‘dirty money’ but also the act of ‘cleaning,’ or ‘masking,’ the proceeds from various criminal activities to make them seem legal; while at the same time new aspects on money laundering show clear links with global terrorism. Many of the new counter measure initiatives have a greater focus on the financial perspective of crimes and on determining criminal assets, to allow confiscation. There is also an increasing focus on the financial trails, which tend to link the main criminals with particular acts of crime. Such stringent measures have turned many of the countries as unsafe locations for the criminals, to ‘clean’ their money or lead a luxurious life with no apparent source of income. This paper will briefly explore the various aspects of money laundering, while examining in detail of some of the measures currently in use to counter money laundering, globally and locally, and analysing the extent of success in implementing these anti-money laundering measures. 1 Introduction â€Å"There are few other examples in history of mankind that so dramatically illustrate such concerted effort to denounce and discourage a practice which even a few years ago was neither understood not for that matter necessarily considered improper†(B. Rider, 1997, â€Å"Editorial†). 1.1 Background history Money laundering even a few decades back was not clearly understood, far less being considered as an act of criminality. It gained notoriety only during the last two-three decades when we find that the international community brought in various laws and policies as measures to counter the money laundering (van Duyne, 1998). It was during this time that many scholars turned their attention to this issue, leading to a large number of studies on the topic. While there have been many researches on the subject of criminal money laundering, a majority of the studies mainly deal with evaluating the extent of the money that is involved in the entire process, globally, that is, the nature of researches being primarily quantitative in nature. These studies with their quantitative analyses tend to provide an abstract perspective of the issue of money laundering, with no detailed information on the impact that such criminal activities have on the socio-economic and legal aspects of a country, at the national and global levels. These studies, which view only the figu rative extent of money laundering, deliberate primarily on the various processes adopted by the criminal organisations to escape surveillance, thus removing focus from other

Styles Of Learning Essay Example for Free

Styles Of Learning Essay There are three different styles of learning, auditory, visual and tactile. Each one is very different from the other. Visual learners do best by seeing the lessons and even writing the important things. Auditory learners need to hear it and even reading it aloud to do best. Meanwhile tactile do better with hands on approach and do better with the physical when learning. For most people, they have one specific style of learning that helps them best. After taking the learning style assessment, it showed me how I learn best. I have learned  that I am an auditory learner. Being an auditory learner means I learn best by hearing and listening to whatever it is I need to know. One way that really helps me is to read something aloud several times and I usually remember it. I have to sit somewhere with very few distractions to be able to concentrate when I am learning something new or studying. If I hadn’t taken the learning style assessment, I would’ve never learned about being an auditory learner. One thing that is important is to always try new ways to study in a way that best suits your learning style. For instance, if I am trying to stay in a certain area of my home to do my studies but there are too many distractions; then I should find a place to study that is better suited to my learning style. For an auditory learner, I feel the best place to study would be somewhere quiet so I can concentrate but also so I can hear myself reading the work aloud. If I am unable to relocate to a quieter area, then I use ear plugs or headphones to drown out the distracting noises. I try to study in the same place, but I also know it is smarter to study somewhere I can learn the best. The world today has a lot of things that are very beneficial to auditory learners. When attending a class or studying new things, you can record yourself or the teacher and listen to the lesson repeatedly. As an auditory leaner, listening to the lesson will help me remember what I need to learn a lot easier. Another resource that is available, especially at CTU, is all the live classes are recorded and are available to listen to as many times as needed. The world today is all about technology, making it very easy to access audio files anywhere and at any time. Today’s high tech world makes learning very easy, no matter what type of learning style you are. After this assignment, I’ve learned a couple things about being an auditory learner that I didn’t previously know. I never knew that my constant talking to myself had anything to do with my learning style. It also explains why I always read everything to myself when I’m learning, which usually lead to being in trouble for talking in school. Another thing that really stood out to me that I didn’t know was that my learning style had influence over the mismatched color of my  clothes. I always thought it was me being weird or different. The three different learning styles are different from each other. Visual learners tend to be neater and do best when they sit in or near the front of the class. They also pay close attention to the teachers’ expressions and body language to help them understand the lesson. Tactile learners often find it hard to sit still and are often sidetracked by the need to be active. They do best when they take short frequent breaks while learner so they don’t overload themselves with too much at once. They are very hands on people; they express themselves through touching often. In a classroom setting, the learning styles are usually a good mixture of the three styles. The downfall usually is that one style usually annoys the other two and vice versa. Teachers should give the learning style assessment towards the beginning of the classes and try to seat people in the same general area as others with the same earning style to create a more cohesive classroom. Reference: What’s your learning style? http://www. educationplanner. org/students/self-assessments/learning-styles-quiz. shtml? event=resultsA=9V=5T=6

Cloning :: essays research papers fc

Cloning is a big issue now. Many arguments are going on about cloning humans being immoral. But what is cloning? Cloning is one or more offspring from a single ancestor; the genetic composition from the ancestor is identical to the offspring. No sex is involved in the production of clones, and since sex is the normal means by which new genetic material is introduced during procreation, clones have no choice having the same genes as their only parent. A clone of cells refers to the descendants of a single parent cell. Tumours are actually clones too. They are derived from one cell that no longer obeys the normal rules of growth control. Corals are another example of clones. Identical twins are even clones that are produced by splitting of a single embryo. So to keep it simple, members of a clone are genetically identical. Here is a diagram of how cloning is scientifically done.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The benefits of cloning might include, building a mass army of look-alikes or recreating Einstein or Elvis. You could clone livestock for steady supplies of food. There is no guarantee that the first cloned human will be normal. The fetus might get some disorder or disability that can’t be detectable by ultrasound. They might be born disabled. Disorders may show up later in their life. Such problems have been seen in other cloned mammals, such as reproductive problems. There is no reason to that this won’t happen in a humans’ case. Large scale cloning could eliminate genetic originality. It is diversity that causes evolution and adaptation. It prevents an entire species from disappearing because of a disease. The people out there who are childless because of a rare hereditary disease would be able to produce offspring that were genetically theirs. However, if the cloned sheep â€Å"Dolly† were anything to go by then less than one in a hundred success rate would cause many problems. More importantly, it is quite possible that cloned individuals will turn out to be at risk. We do not yet know the long-term effects of making an old adult cell nucleus to begin a new life again in an egg. Cloning :: essays research papers fc Cloning is a big issue now. Many arguments are going on about cloning humans being immoral. But what is cloning? Cloning is one or more offspring from a single ancestor; the genetic composition from the ancestor is identical to the offspring. No sex is involved in the production of clones, and since sex is the normal means by which new genetic material is introduced during procreation, clones have no choice having the same genes as their only parent. A clone of cells refers to the descendants of a single parent cell. Tumours are actually clones too. They are derived from one cell that no longer obeys the normal rules of growth control. Corals are another example of clones. Identical twins are even clones that are produced by splitting of a single embryo. So to keep it simple, members of a clone are genetically identical. Here is a diagram of how cloning is scientifically done.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The benefits of cloning might include, building a mass army of look-alikes or recreating Einstein or Elvis. You could clone livestock for steady supplies of food. There is no guarantee that the first cloned human will be normal. The fetus might get some disorder or disability that can’t be detectable by ultrasound. They might be born disabled. Disorders may show up later in their life. Such problems have been seen in other cloned mammals, such as reproductive problems. There is no reason to that this won’t happen in a humans’ case. Large scale cloning could eliminate genetic originality. It is diversity that causes evolution and adaptation. It prevents an entire species from disappearing because of a disease. The people out there who are childless because of a rare hereditary disease would be able to produce offspring that were genetically theirs. However, if the cloned sheep â€Å"Dolly† were anything to go by then less than one in a hundred success rate would cause many problems. More importantly, it is quite possible that cloned individuals will turn out to be at risk. We do not yet know the long-term effects of making an old adult cell nucleus to begin a new life again in an egg.

Spykar

The company The Spykar story started way back in 1992, when Mr. Prasad Pabrekar led by ambition ventured into fashion apparels and accessories to make use of his vast repertoire of technical knowledge in processing of denim garments. He started the company with the firm belief that the best investment for the Co. was Human Capital, starting with a just a handful, and slowly built up a company with over 150 employees. He gave them the best possible infrastructure to work within, resulting in a strong & dedicated team.The company is based on strict code of ethics which is evident in its dealing with all its partners; namely employees, trade associates, vendors and the like. Its accent on the quality of its products has been unwavering right from its inception. It has always strived to produce a product, having a global appeal. Denims are the core of the company's business. This has been facilitated by the company's in-house processing unit and gives the company the competitive edge in consistently producing denims of international quality.To continuously innovate, and to bring new styles, cuts and fabric to the market, the company has a team of young and dedicated designers and merchandisers, who are extremely aware of the latest trends in the international market. The company experiments a great deal on new styles and accessories, making them trendy and accessible to the Indian consumer. Since Spykar designs specifically for Indian audiences, it has the best fits and designs in its repertoire. In 1994, Spykar moved beyond denims and introduced Helium's, a collection of cotton casual wear.This was followed by Forays in 1996; a brand with an attitude positioning that caters to the after-office leisurewear segment. SPYKAR products are available at over 500 MBOs across the country, apart from the large format stores like Shopper's Stop, Globus, Lifestyle, Pantaloons, Pyramids, etc. and at the Exclusive Spykar Jeans outlet at Ahmedabad, Ghazi bad, Hyderabad, Indore, Kolkata, Lucknow, Mumbai, Nasik, New Delhi and Pune. Spykar Jeans currently has 99 Exclusive Brand Outlet and plans to increase that number to 150 by the end of 2008.To mark its foray in the international arena, Spykar has also opened its first exclusive outlet at Glades Mall, London. The brand has always focused on the u: th and their aspirations and built up the product portfolio accordingly. All its marketing efforts are targeted at making the brand relevant at all times to this discerning audience. Strategic Intent The company is committed to being the first choice casual wear brand of the youth. The company’s brand does not have a fixed definition but has always been relevant to the u:th and also to the changing market dynamics.The company’s brand building activities will continue to maintain the premium positioning and make it one of the most inspirational, trendy and obviously the most sought after brand. The Company is compliant, eco friendly, socially responsi ble, evolving, profit oriented, always people-centric and doing justice to those who work for it. Though professional and passionate; the people will have their professional and personal lives aligned. First to the Brands Credit/Milestones Achieved.We revolutionized Cargo's in the country with the very non-conformist look and its innovative presentation. We broke all norms of how a pair of pants should be sold. Rolled and tied by a canvas strip and stocked in this form on the shelves – it defied conventional norms and challenged tradition. Target audience who identified with this Rebellious approach lapped-up the product and yet again Spykar scored in turning the table upside down. We sold nearly 70,000 pants and cargos with not even 60% of the demand fed.To cut the monotonous complacency of basic 5 pockets we stylized denims as flamboyant blues. This fashioned persona of denims was introduced as Actifs (Spykar's Fashion Denim Collection) with 5 fits – Stern, Rebel, Ma verick, Recruit & Renegade. USP Endeavor sustenance as a premium fashion wear brand, providing total casual dressing for the u:th's complete fashion needs. The entire offering is fashion and hence radical at times. The single line to sum it up is Spykar jeans: 18 till I die (ever young).Advertising – Frankly one of the reasons why Spykar has clicked so well is that it has not done much advertising and restricted itself to the Print Media and the occasional Bill Board. I believe that if a Brand overexposes itself than it loses it’s value and if it has just the right amount of advertising and has some good â€Å"mouth-to-mouth† advertising then it actually becomes more â€Å"hep and cool† as in the case of Spykar and this is all the more important on a brand like which is trying to appeal to the 17-25 age group, i. e. , Spykar.What makes it Click – The major thing that makes Spykar click is that it goes adding and bringing in new trends every now and then. They had that shiny jeans I told you about around 6 months back and 3 months back they got the Polynosic short shirt and the maverick wash and now they have the Contrast Stitching Cargoes. Innovation and new trends are what are most important in Garment Business. Without that you are going nowhere except downhill. The best example for this is Wearhouse. For those who do not know this is a retail chain from Bangalore. How the Spykar Franchise OperatesThe Spykar franchise wants to retain its position as the premium casual wear choice of the young generation. The garments retail franchise does not like to associate its brand name with a fixed fashion definition. The  retail services business keeps a close watch on the changing dynamics of market. T The Spykar franchise involves in brand building and other promotional activities, which are needed to maintain its leading position in the garment industry. The retail services business ensures that all its operations are eco-friend ly, people-centric, socially responsible and profit oriented.The garments retail franchise has literally revolutionised the cargo wear industry in India. The retail services business presented cargo materials in an innovative fashion by providing a non-conformist look to it. The Spykar franchise dared to break all conventions regarding the sale of pants. The introduction of the unique cargo style by the garments retail franchise was actually a challenge to the traditional concept of pants. Another milestone in the history of the Spykar franchise was the incorporation of the garment company by name Span Apparels.The quality services offered by the retail services franchise in the field of garment industry were acclaimed by declaring it as the Best Casual Wear Brand of the Year in 2006. The Spykar Franchise Excels in Denim Manufacture The Spykar franchise has been offering fashion wears and accessories since 1992. The retail services business was founded by Prasad Pabrekar who wanted to make use of technical knowledge in processing jeans garments. The garments retail franchise was set up with the belief that human capital as its best investment.The quality service offered by the Spykar franchise slowly resulted in the enhancement of the number of employees. The functioning of the garments retail franchise is strictly based on a code of ethics. It is the absolute adherence to this code of ethics, which has helped the retail services franchise in ensuring smooth relationships with its trading partners, employees, vendors etc. The Spykar franchise always ensures that its employees are provided with the best possible infrastructural facilities in order to enhance their productivity.The garments retail franchise wants a dedicated team of employees who are all committed to the core values of the company. The retail services business has been offering garments of uniform quality standards from the very beginning. The garments retail franchise assays to come out with qu ality dress materials that are of global standards. The Spykar franchise has its focus on the manufacture of denims. The Variety of Products of the Spykar Franchise The in-house processing unit of the Spykar franchise strives consistently to produce denims of international quality.The garments retail franchise keeps on innovating new styles by experimenting with cuts and fabric patterns. The vibrant team of young designers of the retail services business is well updated on the latest trends in denim fashion. The Spykar franchise has introduced many accessories which have become trend setters in the Indian market. It was in 1994 that the garments retail franchise dared to introduce Helium's in the Indian market. These cotton casual wears of the Spykar franchise were well accepted. The success story of helium’s made the retail services franchise experiment Forays, which was a unique collection of leisure-wears.The Spykar franchise has got its outlets opened in all the major Ind ian cities. The garments retail franchise presently has seventy eight exclusive outlets. The retail services business aims at increasing the number of outlets to 150 by 2008. The Spykar franchise has also ventured into the international market by opening a store in London. All the marketing efforts of the garments retail franchise aims at ensuring that its brand name does not lose relevance and its designs are not described as ‘gone out of fashion

Importance of Management’s Budget

Budgeting is not really something that should be discussed, but rather something that every company should be using in order to properly evaluate its financial possibilities, as well as to plan ahead the company's financial spending and investments, corroborated with any financial liabilities. As analysts have pointed out, â€Å"a budget is simply (1) a tool to increase your consciousness of how and where you spend your money and (2) a guideline to help you spend your money on the things that are most important to you†1. These two components of a budgeting definition should be showing us why budgeting is so important and why everyone should be opting for it. So, budgeting greatly helps with two different components. One of them is the fact that it shows where the money is actually going. In other words, the company using a budgeting tool will know exactly the expenses it has assumed, as well as any investments it has committed to during a certain period of time. Further more, the budgeting tool is essential in determine projects which are actually essential for the company, in other words, projects which bring added value to the company. The logic behind this is quite simple: after determining how much you are actually willing to spend during an investment or financial period, you need to decide what you want to spend the money on. Budgeting helps here as well and, additionally, it shows you how you can actually carry out the other projects which do not fit on the initial list. Budgeting should be considered a long-term strategy, with all the implications this brings about. In this sense, we should point out towards the fact that budgeting shows a concern for the long-term evolution of the company, with the top management needing to consider in the budgeting scheme not only the present projects and those that may appear as a necessity in the short run, but also projects with a medium and long term implication, projects that could bring significant revenues in the future, but who need to be included into present budgeting schemes. Nevertheless, we may consider some of the negative implications that budgeting could bring about in the company. One of these refers to any long-term projects, where the initial evaluation did not lead to the expected result. We may have, in this sense, projects that have been included in budgeting schemes, projects for which money have been allocated and which, in time, do not achieve the expected results and returns. One may actually point out towards the fact that if these projects had been dealt with at their specific time, they would have probably been evaluated to their true potential. While such an evaluation may be true, this does not deny the fact that a large proportion of projects that have been included for the budgeting evaluation will have resulted in good returns for the company. Additionally, project which are not successful do not necessarily reflect a bad budgeting strategy, so they should not be considered an evaluation tool. Overall, we may point out towards the fact that a proper and well-worked budgeting strategy is bound to bring about a healthy and successful financial situation within the company. Further more, a budgeting policy will have reverberations among the overall strategy that the company is determined to apply.

Bassanio`s request of Antonio Essays

Bassanio`s request of Antonio Essays Bassanio`s request of Antonio Paper Bassanio`s request of Antonio Paper We can interpret much about Portia from what Bassanio says. He brings in mention of Roman history when he says, her name is Portia, nothing undervalued To Catos daughter, Brutus Portia. This is very revealing as to the character of Portia. The reason I say this is because the Portia who Bassanio is describing at this point was a lady who was well known for her wisdom, learning, courage and her love for her husband. These are characteristics that we read about later on in the play about Portia which are true to Bassanios description. Another interesting link to the past is the link that Bassanio makes to Greek mythology when he mentions the fact that many Jasons come in quest of her. This shows the linkage to the quest for the Golden Fleece by Jason to give to Zeus. I interpreted this image as Bassanio describing Portia as the golden fleece, an object of unimaginable value and something (someone) who has gained the admiration of men far and wide who have come to try and claim her. The character of Bassanio is revealed in many ways throughout this extract. We first read of him when he is describing to us the story of his school-days, the childhood proof of his story and how he like a wilful youth owes Antonio a great deal of money. This shows us the childlike character of Bassanio as much of what he says in linked to childhood and past experiences in his childhood. This depicted to me how he has not really grown up and how he still has the mindset that he had as a child. Another link to this childlike character of his is the fact that he doesnt directly tell Antonio his request, but like a child goes off on a tangent before getting to the point. He does this by telling Antonio the story of the arrows when he was a child and how when I had lost one shaft, I shot his fellow of the self-same flight with more advised watch and I oft found both. This, to me, showed how Bassanio doesnt want to go directly to the main point and request but like a child, creates an elaborate story in order to cover up the seriousness of what he wants and the situation. This could also be seen as Bassanio trying to diverge from his true purpose of asking the question because of the fact that he may be uncertain or even embarrassed of asking Antonio of such a thing. He could be trying to break the news to Antonio more gently in order to try and protect his friendship with him, as he may be uncertain of Antonios response. Another characteristic of Bassanio that I read about was the fact that he is a man who takes chances and risks with OTHER peoples assets, in this case Antonios money. I say this because he is under the impression that had I but the means to stand among the ranks of all the other men who were after Portias hand in marriage, he would questionless be fortunate. For a man who has nothing, he is extremely confident that if he had the money of others, he could do better than anyone else. This showed me how he is dependant on Antonio for more than just his friendship, but also his financial assistance and also his support. It also can be seen as his way of subtly asking Antonio for the financial assistance without actually referring to the borrowing of money. I also read about how Bassanio is a person who takes risks and is willing to make the same mistake twice in order to accomplish something. I say this because he tells us of the story of the arrow and how he would fire a second one in the same manner in order to determine where the first one went. This can be looked at as both a flaw and a virtue in his character. I say this because, it could mean that he has learnt what he did wrong and knows how to fix it, or it could mean that he is just taking his chances and gambling on success to come his way. We also read and interpret his love of money. Not only does he use Antonio for his money but he is using Antonios money in order to get at Portia who is the main monetary prize. Antonio is a stepping-stone towards the main ocean of wealth. This is portrayed when the first thing that he mentions is that Portia is a lady richly left this showed how his main attraction to Portia was her wealth and not her character and personality like it should be. I feel Shakespeare then wanted to cause some form of confusion within us as the reader with the immediate next phrase that Bassanio says OF wondrous virtue personally, I felt that this would create a clash and confusion of opinions created of Bassanio. At first we may think that he likes Portia for nothing more than her money however we then read about how he makes reference to her virtues and good qualities. As reading it the first time it causes us to be uncertain of whether or not he has true feelings towards Portia or not.